Keywords
Abstract
This study integrates Water Quality Index (WQI) and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment (Hazard Quotient and Total Hazard Index) within a GIS framework to evaluate groundwater quality in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu. Analysis of 51 samples across pre- and post- monsoon seasons reveals that groundwater quality ranges from good to poor, with post-monsoon deterioration driven by contaminant leaching. Nitrate emerges as the dominant risk factor, frequently exceeding permissible limits, whereas fluoride remains within safe thresholds. THI values surpass unity in several locations, indicating potential health risks, particularly for infants and children. Spatial patterns identify northern peri-urban and central agricultural zones as critical hotspots influenced by anthropogenic activities. The findings highlight the need for targeted groundwater management and safe drinking water interventions in vulnerable regions.
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